What is a switching power supply?
A switching power supply, also known as a switch mode power supply (SMPS), is a high-frequency power conversion device that uses modern power electronics technology to achieve voltage and current conversion. Its basic working principle is to achieve stable power output by controlling the conduction and cutoff of switching elements (such as transistors, field effect transistors, thyristors, etc.). A switching power supply can convert a voltage of a certain level into the voltage or current required by the user through different forms of architecture. Its input can be an AC power supply (such as mains power) or a DC power supply, while the output is mostly a DC power supply for various devices.
The characteristics of a switching power supply include small size, light weight and high efficiency. By adopting high-frequency switching technology and pulse width modulation (PWM) methods, the switching power supply has a higher power conversion efficiency, which is more energy-efficient than traditional linear power supplies and helps to reduce power consumption costs. In addition, the switching power supply also includes control and feedback loops and protection circuits to achieve stable power output and protect the load.
Switching power supplies are widely used. For example, in industrial automation control circuits, they are often used to provide stable DC power to PLCs, sensors, relays, touch screens, solenoid valves, and other devices. The design and selection of switching power supplies are crucial to the stability and safety of the equipment, so it is necessary to understand its basic principles and workflow.
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